Definition of Melacha

There are five Torah portions in a row that deal with the construction of the Mishkan, as well as the preparation of the priestly garments.

In the middle of the third of these five portions, there is a sudden interruption to discuss the sanctity of Shabbat. One explanation for this insertion was to teach that despite the holiness of building a dwelling place for Hashem, it does not override the sanctity of Shabbat.

Another explanation is that this is the source for the thirty-nine Melachot of Shabbat. There were thirty-nine constructive acts that were necessary in building the Mishkan. These same acts are forbidden on Shabbat.

The word, “Melacha,” is generally translated as work, but it means much more.

It was defined by Dayan Grunfeld, in his book, “The Sabbath,” as follows. Any act that shows man’s mastery over the universe, is a Melacha. It is not dependent upon physical exertion, as much as it discusses the act itself.

For example, if someone has a heavy shutter covering sliding doors, leading to a balcony, he may not flip an electric switch to have the shutter raised. But he is allowed to lift the shutter manually, despite the exertion.

We submit to Hashem that he is our Creator, and we refrain from such creative acts on the holiest day of the week.